There are two approaches for simulating memory as well as learning in artificial intelligence; the functionalistic approach and the cognitive approach. The necessary condition to put the second approach into account is to provide a MODEL of brain activity that contains a quite good congruence with observational facts such as mistakes and forgotten experiences. Given that human memory has a solid core that includes the components of our identity, our family and our hometown, the major and determinative events of our lives, and the countless repeated and accepted facts of our culture, the more we go to the peripheral spots the data becomes flimsier and more easily exposed to oblivion. It was essential to propose a MODEL in which the topographical differences are quite distinguishable. In our proposed MODEL, we have translated this topographical situation into quantities, which are attributed to the nodes. The result is an edge-weighted graph with mass-based values on the nodes which demonstrates the importance of each atomic proposition, as a truth, for an intelligent being. Furthermore, it dynamically develops and modifies, and in successive phases, it changes the mass of the nodes and weight of the edges depending on gathered inputs from the environment.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are the common complaints of patients refer to internal medicine clinics and the pain is the most important of them. There are different physiotherapy methods for reduction of pain and action potential SIMULATION therapy (APS therapy) is one of newest methods. The aim of this study was to determine reduction of pain with APS therapy. Materials & Methods: In 47 patients with different musculoskeletal pain APS therapy performed in 6 days each for 16 minutes and with current of 0.7-1.2 mA. Pain (VAS), Global functional status (ACR) and relief of pain (VAS) before and after study compared.Results: APS therapy reduced pain (p<0.001) and increased Global functional status (p<0.001) and increased relief of pain (p<0.005) but there was not any correlation between this reduction of pain with APS therapy and educational status and past history of physiotherapy and duration of illness in these patients.Conclusion: APS therapy is a useful physiotherapy modality for reduction of pain in musculoskeletal problems.

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop SIMULATION MODELs which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The MODEL was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to MODEL evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed MODEL was calibrated and run for SIMULATION. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the MODEL can strongly predict wheat development stages.

A new turbulent MODEL based on Delayed Detached Eddy SIMULATION (DDES) with non-linear eddy viscosity MODEL (NLEVM) was developed to predict the complex turbulent flow. The numerical SIMULATION of the triangular cylinder and the centrifugal pump was carried out to investigate the ability and applicability of the DDES MODEL based on NLEVM (DDES_NL). Compared to the turbulent MODEL based on the eddy viscosity MODEL, the computational results of the triangular cylinder showed the advantage of the non-linear eddy viscosity modification in the DDES_NL MODEL which can improve the accuracy of the prediction in the flow phenomenon with a relatively simple turbulence structure. Regrettably, some small-scale turbulent structures among those still cannot be captured accurately. The numerical SIMULATION of the centrifugal pump predicted by the DDES_NL MODEL shows more abundant flow structures and gets close to the realistic statistical characteristics. It also proves the good applicability of the DDES_NL MODEL in complex flow. This study aims to contribute to the growing area of turbulence MODELing by exploring it.

Today, one of the most widely used natural language representation methods is meaning representation for text processing in different systems. Meaning representation methods have had many applications in the field of natural language processing in recent years, including automatic text summarization systems and question and answer systems, etc. Many text expressions may be different in terms of grammatical structure, but they are the same in terms of meaning, so how to apply a single and uniform meaning to them is one of the challenges of text processing. The main goal of this paper is to design an Integrated Semantic Representation (ISR) MODEL for natural language. The proposed MODEL, while maintaining its simplicity in annotation and understanding, does not depend on specific natural language features or on syntactic and lexical structure. In this regard, several examples in both English and Persian language, which have different in terms of written and grammatical structure, are presented in this paper. Moreover, by using the proposed MODEL, the same representation is provided for texts with the same meaning and different grammatical structure. The proposed MODEL is designed in graph and list format is recommended to annotate its corpuses. One of the main features of this MODEL is that it can represent semantic relations at both sentence-level and document-level and is able to represent complex and important linguistic phenomena such as aspect, tense, and quantification. The simplicity of the proposed MODEL helps to avoid making language processing slow or complicated in various applications, and the preparation of structures based on this MODEL for different natural languages will not be too complicated, so that it can be used both for natural languages with low resources and for those with various resources. Further, features of the proposed MODEL are compared with one of the most important related works.